REST vs GraphQL

Different philosophies

REST is resource-oriented: multiple endpoints, standard HTTP semantics, predictable caching. GraphQL is query-oriented: a single endpoint where the client specifies exactly what data it wants.

Request model comparison

• REST: GET /users/42
• GraphQL: POST /graphql with a query body

Flexibility

• REST: Fixed response shape per endpoint.
• GraphQL: Client chooses fields dynamically.

Over-fetching and under-fetching

GraphQL helps reduce over-fetching by letting clients request only needed fields. REST can achieve similar behavior with fields/include patterns but requires design discipline.

Caching

• REST: Native HTTP caching (ETag, Cache-Control, CDN support).
• GraphQL: Harder to cache at HTTP layer because most calls use POST. Requires extra tooling or persisted queries.

Tooling and ecosystem

• REST: Simple tooling, curl-friendly, CDN-friendly.
• GraphQL: Strong schema tooling, introspection, type-safe clients.

Complexity

• REST complexity lives in endpoint design and consistency.
• GraphQL complexity lives in resolvers, performance tuning, and query cost control.

Team considerations

• Small teams: REST is often simpler and easier to operate.
• Large frontend-heavy orgs: GraphQL can reduce coordination friction.

When REST shines

• CDN caching is important.
• Simple CRUD APIs.
• Public APIs consumed by many unknown clients.

When GraphQL shines

• Highly dynamic UIs with many nested relationships.
• Strong type systems across frontend and backend.
• Multiple clients needing different data shapes.

Checklist

• Do you need HTTP-level caching? REST may be simpler.
• Do clients need highly customized data shapes? GraphQL may help.
• Does your team have capacity to manage GraphQL performance complexity?