HTML Quotations

HTML Quotation and Citation Elements

In this chapter we will go through the <blockquote>, <q>, <abbr>, <address>, <cite>, and <bdo> HTML elements.

Example

Here is a quote from WWF's website:

For 60 years, WWF has worked to help people and nature thrive. As the world's leading conservation organization, WWF works in nearly 100 countries. At every level, we collaborate with people around the world to develop and deliver innovative solutions that protect communities, wildlife, and the places in which they live.

HTML <blockquote> for Quotations

The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another source.

Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements.

<p>Here is a quote from WWF's website:</p> <blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html"> For 60 years, WWF has worked to help people and nature thrive. As the world's leading conservation organization, WWF works in nearly 100 countries. At every level, we collaborate with people around the world to develop and deliver innovative solutions that protect communities, wildlife, and the places in which they live. </blockquote>

HTML <q> for Short Quotations

The HTML <q> tag defines a short quotation.

Browsers normally insert quotation marks around the quotation.

<p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with nature.</q></p>

HTML <abbr> for Abbreviations

The HTML <abbr> tag defines an abbreviation or an acronym, like "HTML", "CSS", "Mr.", "Dr.", "ASAP", or "ATM".

Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems, and search engines.

Tip: Use the global title attribute to show the description for the abbreviation or acronym when you mouse over the element.

<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in 1948.</p>

HTML <address> for Contact Information

The HTML <address> tag defines the contact information for the author or owner of a document or an article.

The contact information can be an email address, URL, physical address, phone number, or social media handle.

The text inside <address> usually renders in italic, and browsers add a line break before and after the element.

<address> Written by John Doe.<br> Visit us at:<br> Example.com<br> Box 564, Disneyland<br> USA </address>

HTML <cite> for Work Title

The HTML <cite> tag defines the title of a creative work such as a book, poem, song, movie, or painting.

Note: A person's name is not the title of a work.

The text inside <cite> usually renders in italic.

<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>

HTML <bdo> for Bi-Directional Override

BDO stands for Bi-Directional Override.

The HTML <bdo> tag is used to override the current text direction.

<bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left</bdo>

Exercise

Which of the following is NOT a quotation element (in fact, not an HTML element at all)?

<q> <quote> <blockquote>

HTML Quotation and Citation Elements Reference

Tag	Description
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation or acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author or owner of a document
<bdo>	Defines the text direction
<blockquote>	Defines a section quoted from another source
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<q>	Defines a short inline quotation